![]() The structure of HC-SRO4 is shown below: Ultrasonic sensor Timing Diagram ![]() We need to calculate the time (in Microseconds). The distance sensor reports the time it takes between the sending and receiving of the samples.Īn object is 40cm away from the Ultrasonic sensor.When samples strike the object, it bounces back from the object.The maximum range the sensor may detect is 4.5m. The medium ranges of the sensor are 10cm to 3m. The Ultrasonic sensors work best for medium ranges. We can connect the ECHO and TRIG terminal to any of the digital I/O pin on the specific Arduino board. The four terminals of HC-SRO4 are VCC, TRIG, ECHO, and GND. The rays bounce back from the object and reach back to the module. The frequency travels through the air and strikes the object on its path. It emits the Ultrasound at a frequency of 40KHZ or 40000 Hz. The Ultrasonic sensor or HC-SRO4 is used to measure the distance of the object using SONAR. Int echoPin = 7 //declare pin for echo pin of UltraSonic sensor įloat speed = 0.Next → ← prev Arduino Ultrasonic distance sensor Int trigPin = 8 //declare pin for trigger pin of UltraSonic sensor ![]() Measure distance using HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor with Arduino The other 2 pins, Trig and Echo of the sensor are connected to digital pins 8 and 7 of Arduino, respectively. Now Connect all the above given required components shown in the below circuit diagram to build an Arduino Distance meter.Īs you can see from the above circuit diagram, HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor power pins, Vcc and GND are connected to Arduino’s 5V and GND pins. Here are the required components along with Amazon buying links at best prices. LCD 16X2 module with or without I2C adapter Minimum waiting time between measurements: 20ms (recommended 50ms).įor more details refer the HC-SR04 datasheet: here Interfacing HC-SR04 with Arduino and LCD Display.Minimum TRIG trigger pulse duration: 10 μS.By multiplying speed with time we can calculate the distance.ĭistance = /2Īs the ECHO signal time is the time taken by the sound wave to travel from the sensor to the object and the object to the sensor, we need to divide it by 2 to get the distance between the sensor and the object. ⇒ Distance(s)= Velocity(v) X time(t).Īs we know the speed of the sound in air is 343 meters per second(1234.8kmph) at 20☌, and we can measure the time between the emitter and receiver. By measuring the time taken for the wave from emission till it gets back we can know the distance. The sensor sends an ultrasonic sound wave through the trigger or trigger, bounces off the object and the receiver or echo detects the wave. In Simple terms: The operation is very simple. Thus, the distance can be calculated to the object. The microcontroller measures the time of the ECHO pulse. The ECHO pin stays on High (5 Volts) from the time when the sound wave is emitted to the time the bounced-back sound wave is detected. The emitted sound waves travel in the air and bounce back when they hit an object, and the receiver detects the bounced-back sound waves. To start measuring, the emitter emits 8 ultrasound pulses (40KHz) after receiving the HIGH command on the TRIG pin. This sensor has 2 transducers: one is an emitter, and the other one is a receiver which are Piezoelectric. Interesting Article: DIY Measuring Wheel using Arduino and Rotary Encoder Principle and Working: 2 pins, Vcc and Gnd, are for powering up the sensor and the other 2 pins, Trig and Echo, are to send and receive the ultrasonic pulses and measure the time taken to reach and get back to the sensor to calculate the distance of an object which we discuss below. As you can see from the above image, the sensor has 4 pins.
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